°ü×°µÄʼ×æÔÀ´ÊÇta,»¹ÓÐta£¡³¤É³°ü×°³§
¡¡¡¡
°ü×°µÄʼ×æÔÀ´ÊÇ°¢µÀ·ò¡¤·Ñ¶ûÄ϶ࡤÅÁ˹ÍÐÀ×£¨Adolphe-F¨¦lix-Louis-Dagobert Cremieux Pasteur£©£¬ËûÊÇһλ·¨¹ú»¯Ñ§¼ÒºÍϸ¾úѧ¼Ò£¬±»ÓþΪÏÖ´ú΢ÉúÎïѧ֮¸¸¡£°¢µÀ·ò¡¤ÅÁ˹ÍÐÀ×ͨ¹ýһϵÁеÄʵÑéºÍÑо¿£¬Ê×´ÎÌá³öÁËÏû¶¾·¨ºÍÒßÃç½ÓÖÖÀíÂÛ£¬ÎªÈËÀà¿ØÖÆ´«È¾²¡·¢»ÓÁ˾޴ó×÷Óá£×ö°ü×°£¬ÕÒ³¤É³°ü×°³§¼Ò£¬³¤É³Òã·á°ü×°³§£¡
¶øÔÚ°ü×°Éè¼ÆÁìÓò£¬°ü×°µÄʼ×æ¿ÉÒÔ˵ÊÇRuth M. Siems¡£ËýÊÇÃÀ¹ú½¾üÑо¿ÊµÑéÊҵĻ¯Ñ§¼Ò£¬ÔÚ20ÊÀ¼Í60Äê´úÖÐÆÚ£¬Ëý·¢Ã÷Á˹ÞÍ·¼ÓÈÈËٶȸü¿ìµÄÈÈ´¦Àí·½·¨¡£ÕâÏî¼¼ÊõºóÀ´±»ÓÃÓÚNASAµÄ°¢²¨Â޼ƻ®£¬ÔÚÌ«¿ÕʳƷ°ü×°Öеõ½¹ã·ºÓ¦Óã¬ÎªÓԱÌṩÁË·½±ã¡¢°²È«µÄʳƷ¡£
¿ÉÒÔ˵£¬ÔÚ²»Í¬ÁìÓòÖУ¬°ü×°µÄʼ×æÃǶ¼ÎªÈËÀàµÄ·¢Õ¹ºÍÉú»î´øÀ´ÁËÖØÒªµÄ¹±Ïס£ËûÃǵÄŬÁ¦ºÍ´´Ð¾«ÉñÔÚ¸÷×ÔÁìÓòÖÐÉÁÒ«×Źâ⣬ӰÏì×ÅÊÀ½çµÄ½ø²½Óë·¢Õ¹¡£Ëæ×ſƼ¼µÄ²»¶Ï½ø²½ºÍÈËÀàÎÄÃ÷µÄ·¢Õ¹£¬°ü×°ÐÐÒµÒ²½«¼ÌÐøÓÀ´ÐµÄÍ»Æƺʹ´Ð£¬ÎªÈËÀàµÄÉú»îÌṩ¸ü¶à±ãÀûÓë¿ÉÄÜ¡£×ö°ü×°£¬ÕÒ³¤É³°ü×°³§¼Ò£¬³¤É³Òã·á°ü×°³§£¡
´ó×ÔÈ»ÊÇÈËÃÇÉú»îµÄԴȪ£¬ÈËÃÇ´Ó×ÔÈ»ÖÐѧ»áÁ˸÷ÖÖÎïÆ·µÄ°ü×°·½·¨¡£ÀýÈ缦µ°ÄǾßÓп¹Ñ¹Á¦ºÍÐÎ̬ÃÀµÄÍÖÔ²Ðνṹ£¬µ°¿ÇÃܲ¼µÄÆø¿×¾ßÓÐͨ·çµÄ»úÄÜ£¬µ°°×µÄÁ÷¶¯ÐÔ¾ßÓлº³åµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£ÓÖÈç½Û×ÓÔÚÍâÃæµÄ½ÛƤºñ¶ø¸»Óе¯ÐÔ£¬²»½öÔìÐÍÃÀ£¬É«²ÊÓÕÈË£¬¶øÇÒ¾ßÓÐÁ¼ºÃµÄ±£»¤¹¦ÄÜ¡£ÕâЩ×ÔÈ»Ðγɵİü×°£¬ÊÇ×îºÃµÄÀÏʦ£¬¸øÓèÎÒÃÇÔÚ°ü×°Éè¼ÆÖÐÒÔ¼«´óµÄÆôʾ¡£ÀûÓÃ×ÔÈ»²ÄÁÏͨ¹ýÊÖ¹¤ÖÆ×÷µÄÎïÆ·°ü×°£¬ËäÈ»ÓкܶàµÄÓŵ㣬µ«ËüÒѲ»ÄÜÂú×ã´óÉú²ú¡¢´óÏû·ÑµÄʱ´úÒªÇó¡£19ÊÀ¼Í³õ£¬Î÷·½¹¤Òµ¸ïÃüµÄ·¢Õ¹¡¢»úÆ÷µÄ·¢Ã÷ºÍÄÜÔ´µÄ¿ª·¢£¬´´ÔìÁ˷ḻµÄ²úÆ·£¬Í¬Ê±¶Ô²úÆ·°ü×°¹¤ÒµÒ²´øÀ´Á˾޴óµÄÓ°Ïì¡£´óÁ¿µÄ²úÆ·ÒªÇóѸËÙ¡¢°²È«µØµ½´ïÏû·ÑÕßÊÖÖУ¬°ü×°µÄ×÷ÓþÍÏԵ÷dz£ÖØÒª¡£
Ëæמ¼ÃµÄ·¢Õ¹ºÍÈËÃÇÉú»îˮƽµÄÌá¸ß£¬ÒªÇóÉÌÆ·²»½öÒªÂú×ãÎïÖÊÉÏ£¬¶øÇÒ»¹ÒªÂú×㾫ÉñÉϵÄÐèÇó¡£µ±ÉÌÆ·ÏúÊÛ·¢Õ¹µ½Ò»¶¨³Ì¶Èʱ£¬³öÏÖÁË×ÔÎÒ·þÎñµÄÉÌÆ·£¬¼´³¬¼¶Êг¡»ò³Æ×ÔÑ¡É̳¡£¬ÆäÏúÊÛ·½Ê½¾ßÓпì½Ý¡¢·½±ã¡¢½ÚÊ¡ÈËÁ¦ÒÔ¼°¹©Ïû·ÑÕß×ÔÓɵØÑ¡¹ºÉÌÆ·µÄÓŵ㡣ûÓÐÊÛ»õÔ±Ïò¹Ë¿Í½éÉÜ»òÐû´«ÉÌÆ·£¬Òò´Ë£¬ÉÌÆ·¾Í±ØÐëÒÀ¿¿ËüµÄ°ü×°×°è«È¥ÎüÒý¹Ë¿Í£¬ÉÌÆ·µÄ°ü×°Ö°ÄÜÒÑÓÉÔÀ´µ¥´¿µØ±£»¤ÉÌÆ··¢Õ¹µ½ÁËÍÆÏúÉÌÆ·¡£Æä°ü×°×°è«Éè¼ÆÒ²ÒªÇóÏÊÃ÷¡¢Ö±¹Û¡¢×¼È·µØ´«´ïÉÌÆ·ÐÅÏ¢¡£Ò»¿îºÃµÄ²úÆ·°ü×°ºÐÒѳÉΪÔÚ¼¤ÁÒµÄÊг¡¾ºÕùÖоö¶¨Ê¤°ÜµÄ¹Ø¼ü¡£³¤É³°ü×°Ó¡Ë¢³§Ö½ÉÏӡרע°ü×°Ó¡Ë¢22Ä꣬³¤É³Ö½ÉÏÓ¡Ò»Ö±ÒÔÀ´¶ÔÆ·ÖʵÄ×·Ç󣬾«ÐÄÉè¼ÆÓ빤ÒÕ¾«È·Åä±È£¬Å¨Å¨³ÏÒ⣬ÂúÂú½³ÐÄ£¡